Expand the Network Topology

The next step in creating an AC power flow model is to expand the network to make a flag-shaped power system. This tutorial focuses on how to navigate the SAInt GUI to design a network. The objective is to learn how to create new branch and node objects, edit objects' properties, interact with the map window to change the network’s topology, and add object labels to display objects' details.

1. Navigate in the map window

The network topology and objects can be moved and manipulated in the map window. This window is located in the center of your screen (referred to in SAInt as the dock panel). Select the electrical line connecting the two nodes and then select a node from either side. Notice that the objects change color when selected and are marked magenta. Objects can be unmarked by pressing Esc. When an object is marked, the object properties are automatically displayed in the property editor window on the right-hand side of the screen.

Object properties shown in blue text can be edited. In contrast, properties in black text are read-only properties that the user cannot edit. Read-only properties are usually derived ones.

2. Edit object properties

Select the node named ENO_0 located on the left side in the map window, and rename it in the property editor. Under the general category, find the Name property, and edit it to NODE0 (Figure 1). Use the same process to rename the node ENO_1 to NODE1.

create nodal map 00
Figure 1. Rename ENO_0 to NODE0 in the property editor window.

Use the description box at the bottom of the property editor window to obtain more details about different properties.

3. Add object labels

The label feature in SAInt allows users to visualize an object’s input and result properties directly in the map window. The simplest method to add a label is to right-click on top of an object in the map window and select the Add New Object Label option from the context menu (Figure 2). This will automatically create a default object label connected to the object with a dashed black line. Use this process to create default labels for both of the nodes. Default labels show the ID, Name, and Info properties. The labels can be repositioned by clicking and dragging the label box to the desired position.

create nodal map 01
Figure 2. Add object label to a node via the map window.

4. Build the network with new objects

Expand the network by creating new nodes and branches. Mark NODE1 and right-click in a blank area of the map, and from the context menu, select Add New Branch  Electric Line (Figure 3). This will create a new line object connecting NODE1 to the new node located in the blank area you previously selected. Change the name of the newly created node to NODE2 and move the newly created node above NODE1.

create nodal map 02
Figure 3. Add an electric line in the map window.

Follow the same procedure to add two nodes directly above and below NODE0. Change the name of the node above to NODE3 and below to NODE4 (Figure 4). Once all the nodes are positioned correctly, add labels to NODE2, NODE3, and NODE4.

Nodes can be moved around in the map window by holding down Alt while selecting the node and dragging it around the map window. Alternatively, the node’s X and Y properties can be edited in the property editor to adjust the node coordinates in the map window. See Table 4 for the details fo the coordinates.

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Figure 4. Addition of node labels

The final step to complete the network topology is to add another line connecting NODE2 and NODE3. Using the Shift key in the map window allows you to select multiple objects simultaneously. Mark NODE3 and hold Shift and select NODE2. Then right-click in the map window and select the Add New Branch  Electric Line.

5. Customize object labels

Now, we will edit the labels of all five nodes, mark the five labels (remember to hold Shift), right-click on top of one of the labels, and select the Multi Edit option. From here, we will edit the label information to display the following properties for the node:

  • Object name (Name)

  • Voltage magnitude per unit (VPU)

  • Voltage magnitude (VM)

Change the LabelInfo property in the multi-edit window to Name: {@.Name},VPU: {@.VPU}, and VM: {@.VM}. The label’s look can be edited by changing the different properties under the background, font, frame, and visibility categories. Optionally, you can use Table 1 to edit the look of the node labels (Figure 5).

Click here for more details about custom node labels.
Table 1. Custom label properties for node objects.
Background

FillColor

75,0,130

Font

LabelFont

Calibri, 9pt

LabelFontColor

245,245,245

Frame

LabelFrameVisible

TRUE

RoundedLabelFrame

TRUE

StrokeWidth

1

StrokeColor

70,0,130

Visibility

LabelVisible

TRUE

LabelStartZoomLevel

13

LabelUntilZoomLevel

17

LabelOpacity

100

The values of LabelStartZoomLevel and LabelUntilZoomLevel are set assuming the use of the coordinates X and Y presented in the following Table 4 for the properties of the nodes.

create nodal map 04
Figure 5. Complete topology of the flag-shaped power system.

6. Define object properties using tables

The object tables allow you to compare and edit properties of objects of the same type. To edit the properties of lines, go to the Table tab on the ribbon bar and select LI from the electric table container. The object table will appear with default properties. To add additional properties, right-click in the top-left corner of the table window and choose Show Column Chooser (Figure 6). This will open a window where you can add or remove columns. Search for maximum current (IMAXDEF [A]), and maximum apparent power (SMAXDEF [MVA]), length (L [km]), and drag the properties to the table. To remove a column, drag it from the table to the column chooser window. Feel free to customize the table to your preference.

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Figure 6. Open column chooser window in a object table.

Once the table’s columns has been customized, you can directly set the properties of the lines presented in Table 2 and Table 3. Remember you can only edit properties which are colored in blue.

Table 2. Line properties.
Name Name of FromNode Name of ToNode Length Line Impedance

Name

FromName

ToName

L [km]

CalcImp

LINE0

NODE0

NODE1

100

TRUE

LINE1

NODE1

NODE2

50

TRUE

LINE2

NODE3

NODE2

100

TRUE

LINE3

NODE0

NODE3

50

TRUE

LINE4

NODE0

NODE4

50

TRUE

Table 3. Line properties.
Name Default maximum current Default maximum apparent power Resistance per length Reactance per length

Name

IMAXDEF [A]

SMAXDEF [MVA]

RRL [Ω/km]

XXL [Ω/km]

LINE0

1150

250

0.042

0.275

LINE1

1150

250

0.042

0.275

LINE2

1150

250

0.042

0.275

LINE3

1150

250

0.042

0.275

LINE4

1150

250

0.042

0.275

Following, go to the Table tab on the ribbon bar and select ENO from the electric table container, and edit the properties of the nodes using the data provided in Table 4. Leave the default value for all other properties not mentioned in the table.

Table 4. Node properties.
Object Name Coordinates Nominal Voltage Magnitude Default maximum voltage magnitude Default minimum voltage magnitude

Name

X/Y

BaseV [kV]

VMAXDEF [pu]

VMINDEF [pu]

NODE0

0/0

230

1.05

0.95

NODE1

100/0

230

1.05

0.95

NODE2

100/50

230

1.05

0.95

NODE3

0/50

230

1.05

0.95

NODE4

0/-50

230

1.05

0.95

Finally, add labels to the lines by selecting all the lines (remember to hold Shift), right-click on top of one of the lines, and select the Add New Object Label option. Edit the label information to display the following properties for the lines:

  • Object name (Name)

  • Current magnitude to node (IT)

  • Active power loss (PL)

  • Reactive power loss (QL)

  • Line loading current (LLI)

  • Line loading apparent power (LLS)

In the multi-edit window, change the LabelInfo property to Name: {@.Name}, IT: {@.IT}, PL: {@.PL}, QL: {@.QL}, LLI: {@.LLI}, LLS: {@.LLS}. The final system topology should look similar to Figure 7. Optionally, use Table 5 to customize the look of the line labels.

Click here for more details about custom line labels.
Table 5. Custom label properties for line objects.
Background

FillColor

170,170,170

Font

LabelFont

Calibri, 9pt

LabelFontColor

245,245,245

Frame

LabelFrameVisible

TRUE

RoundedLabelFrame

TRUE

StrokeWidth

1

FrameColor

170,170,170

Visibility

LabelVisible

TRUE

LabelStartZoomLevel

13

LabelUntilZoomLevel

17

LabelOpacity

100

Edit the object label’s colors, size, and font to quickly identify different objects in your network.

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Figure 7. Complete flag-shaped network with custom labels.